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A lot of weird-looking life-forms lurk in the deep sea, and this year we got some spectacularly close looks at several of them, including a goofy Doctor Who-esque octopus, alienlike Antarctic dwellers and the first-ever footage of a colossal squid in the wild. We've rounded up a few of our favorite ocean oddities below.
For more than two decades, scientists at California's Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute have occasionally spotted a little translucent creature in the ocean's "midnight zone." The gelatinous blob uses a hood surrounding its head to catch prey and has detachable tentacles; its hood and tail are decorated with glowing blue-green dots. This year, scientists finally figured out what it is -- the "mystery mollusk" is actually a nudibranch, or sea slug. In fact, it's from an entirely new family of nudibranchs and has been dubbed Bathydevius caudactylus.
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People have known about colossal squids for 100 years, but these enigmatic ocean denizens -- which can grow to 23 feet in length -- had never been observed in their natural habitat. That changed this year when Schmidt Ocean Institute scientists captured the first video of one about 2,000 feet below the ocean's surface in the remote South Atlantic Ocean. This particular squid wasn't so colossal, though -- it was a baby measuring only about one foot in length.
When an iceberg the size of Chicago broke away from an Antarctic ice shelf on January 13, Schmidt Ocean Institute scientists raced over in their Falkor (too) research vessel to glimpse what life-forms had been dwelling below. "There was a sense of going into a complete unknown," said the expedition's co-chief scientist Sasha Montelli of University College London. What they found was a vibrant and alienlike ecosystem of anemones, sea spiders, icefish and octopuses -- including some new species -- that had been living there for decades or even hundreds of years.
On a mission to explore methane seeps off the coast of Chile, the Schmidt researchers also explored several submarine canyons where they snapped this dark, dramatic photo of an anglerfish. These canyons are carved by strong currents that funnel sediments, nutrients and organisms through the system. The flow acts like a moving buffet for creatures like this fish, which the deep-sea detectives are still trying to identify.
Off the coast of Argentina and two miles below the ocean's surface, the Schmidt scientists viewed yet more marine wonders in a canyon twice as deep as the Grand Canyon. Here, two currents come together -- one salty and from the tropics, the other cold and from Antarctica -- supporting rich biodiversity. Many of the animals, like the beautiful siphonophore above, come in peachy-pink hues -- that's because red light doesn't travel far in the dark ocean's depths, providing the perfect camouflage.
One of our very favorite images from the year came from the same canyon. The team spotted this translucent telescope octopus floating upside down and -- for the Doctor Who fans out there -- giving serious Lady Cassandra vibes.