Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is a viral infection that weakens cats' immune system.
Similar to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in humans, FIV destroys white blood cells. Cats with FIV can be more susceptible to various illnesses, infections and health complications.
How does FIV spread?
FIV is spread through the passing of saliva, commonly seen in deep bite wounds when cats get in aggressive fights. It is important to note FIV is rarely spread while two cats are playing, as the bites have to penetrate deep into the skin.
FIV cannot be spread through sharing food or water bowls, since the infection must be spread through the bloodstream. It is also OK for an FIV positive cat to be around a non-positive FIV cat.
Sometimes, a pregnant cat can spread FIV to her kittens, but that is rare. The risk does increase though if the pregnant cat contracts the disease while she is pregnant.
How to manage a cat's FIV
FIV-positive cats can live long, healthy lives. In fact, FIV can go long undetected because infected cats show no signs of the infection and still keep up with their daily lifestyles.
There are many ways to help maintain your cat's health if they are FIV positive:
Regular vet visits are important to monitor any secondary infections. Schedule a vet appointment at least every six months.
Feeding your FIV positive cat a balanced diet helps support their immune system. Avoid any food product with raw meat, eggs and unpasturized dairy products. These can carry bacteria that could compromise their immune system.
Keeping your cats indoors reduces their risk of exposure to aggressive cats that can lead to a fight. Outside time is still great for cats because it helps stimulate their minds and provides enrichment. Catios are a great way to let your cat have some outside time without the risk of contracting FIV. Also, keeping your cat on a harness and leash is great for cats that want to explore a larger outdoor space.
If you are interested in adopting a cat that is FIV positive, don't let the disease scare you. FIV-positive cats can live long, healthy lives with the basic proper care and management.