By the age of 3, most pets will experience early evidence of periodontal disease. Without detection and treatment, periodontal disease in pets will worsen and can cause significant health issues ranging from oral infection, pain and tooth loss to kidney, liver and heart disease.
February is National Pet Dental Health Month. Veterinarians and pet health advocates across the country are shining a spotlight on the importance of proper pet dental care and how to treat common pet dental issues.
Just as with humans, periodontal disease in pets starts with plaque that hardens into tartar. Plaque and tartar below the gum line can lead to infection and damage to the jawbone and connective tissue. The best ways to prevent the effects of dental disease in pets are proper daily teeth brushing and regular veterinary dental visits. With consistent care, pets can have a healthy and happy smile that is free of periodontal disease.
Brushing your pet's teeth can be challenging. Only attempt to brush your pet's teeth if your animal does not show any signs of aggression or biting when being touched around the mouth. Before jumping right into using a toothbrush, start by gently working your finger into your pet's mouth. Coating your finger with a small amount of peanut butter, cream cheese, wet food or flavored veterinary toothpaste can make this a fun experience for your pet.
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Once your pet is comfortable with your finger, slowly migrate to a soft toothbrush or finger brush covered with a small amount of your pet's favorite treat. As your pet becomes tolerant of the toothbrush, integrate a veterinary toothpaste.
Brush your pet's teeth in gentle strokes, sticking with the outside, visible tooth surface. Never use human toothpaste or baking soda to brush your pet's teeth, as some products are toxic to pets and can cause gastrointestinal upset. Keep brushing sessions short, and if your pet becomes irritated or aggressive it's time to take a break.
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Beyond the presence of plaque and tartar, additional risk factors that can contribute to periodontal disease include:
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The following signs indicate a dental health issue that should be evaluated by a veterinarian:
Bad breathDamaged teethDiscolored teethPlaque-covered teethAbnormal drooling, chewing or dropping of foodReduced appetitePain, bleeding or swelling of the mouthIrritable behavior
Your veterinarian will examine your pet's mouth at their annual checkup. If periodontal disease is detected, your veterinarian will recommend treatment based on a disease severity scale of 0 to 4. Treatment typically involves a dental cleaning under anesthesia to remove plaque and tartar, and polishing of the teeth. Complete dental exams might include X-rays to check jaw and tooth root health. In some cases extractions may be recommended if the disease has progressed to the level of tooth damage and infection.
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The Animal Protective Foundation encourages pet owners to set time aside during National Pet Dental Health Month to examine the dental health of your pets, start a tooth brushing routine and consult your veterinarian if you have any concerns about your pet's dental health.
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